Isihluthulelo socwaningo nokukhiqizwa kwerabha ye-silicone e-China - i-dimethyldiethoxysilane

Irabha ye-silicone eshisayo eyisisekelo eshisayo

I-China yaqala ukucwaninga nokwenza irabha eluhlaza yokushisa eshisiwe (ebuye yaziwe ngokuthi yelashwe ngokushisa) irabha ye-silicone ngasekupheleni kwawo-1950.Akukephuzi kakhulu emhlabeni lapho iChina yaqala ukuhlola irabha ye-silicone.Ngenxa yomsebenzi wokuthuthukisa udinga inani elikhulu lama-hydrolysates ahlanzekile kakhulu e-dimethyldichlorosilane (okutholakala kuyo i-octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4, noma i-DMC); ngaphambili, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwenani elikhulu le-methylchlorosilane, kunzima ukuthola inombolo enkulu. ye-dimethyldichlorosilane emsulwa, futhi akwanele ukulinga ukukhiqiza impahla eluhlaza eyisisekelo yerabha ye-silicone eluhlaza i-octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane. Kunesidingo futhi sama-catalyst afanelekile ekuvulekeni kwe-polymerization yokuvula iringi, okuyizinkinga ezinkulu esigabeni sokuqala sokuthuthuka. ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni ze-methylchlorosilane kunzima kakhulu, ngakho-ke abasebenzi bezobuchwepheshe bamayunithi afanelekile eShayina bakhokhe umsebenzi omningi futhi bachitha isikhathi esiningi.

U-Yang Dahai, i-Shenyang Chemical Research Institute, njll. wethule amasampula erabha ye-silicone elungiswe kusukela ku-dimethyldichlorosilane ezenzelayo ukuya kusikhumbuzo seminyaka eyi-10 sosuku lukazwelonke.U-Lin Yi no-Jiang Yingyan, abacwaningi be-Institute of chemistry, i-Chinese Academy of Sciences, nabo benza ukuthuthukiswa kwerabha ye-methyl abicah ekuqaleni.Ngawo-1960, amayunithi engeziwe enza irabha ye-silicone.

Kuphela ngemva kokuphumelela kokuhlanganiswa okuqondile kwe-methylchlorosilane embhedeni onyakaziswayo, lapho kungatholakala khona izinto zokusetshenziswa zokwenziwa kwerabha ye-silicone eluhlaza.Ngoba isidingo serabha ye-silicone siphuthuma kakhulu, ngakho-ke kukhona amayunithi e-Shanghai naseNyakatho ye-China ukuze aqale ukuthuthukisa irabha ye-silicone.Isibonelo, i-Shanghai Chemical Research Institute e-Shanghai ihlola ukuhlanganiswa kwe-methyl chlorosilane monomer kanye nokuhlolwa nokuhlolwa kwerabha ye-silicone;Isitshalo samakhemikhali sase-Shanghai Xincheng kanye nesitshalo se-resin sase-Shanghai sicabangela ukuhlanganiswa kwerabha ye-silicone ngokombono wokukhiqiza.

Enyakatho, i-Research Institute of Jihua inkampani, isizinda semboni yamakhemikhali e-China, ibambe iqhaza kakhulu ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwenjoloba yokwenziwa.Kamuva, isikhungo socwaningo sandise ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwerabha ye-silicone eholwa ngu-Zhu BAOYING.Kukhona futhi izikhungo zokuklama nezitshalo zokukhiqiza enkampanini ye-Jihua, ezinesimo esihle sokubambisana sokumisa okukodwa ukuthuthukisa isethi ephelele yenqubo ukusuka ku-methyl chlorosilane monomer kuya kurabha yokwenziwa ye-silicone.

Ngo-1958, ingxenye ye-organosilicon ye-Shenyang Chemical Research Institute yathuthelwa e-Beijing Chemical Research Institute eyayisanda kusungulwa.Ekuqaleni kwawo-1960, iShenyang Chemical Research Institute yasungula iHhovisi Lokucwaninga le-organosilicon eliholwa nguZhang Erci kanye no-ye Qingxuan ukuze kwakhiwe i-organosilicon monomer kanye nerabha ye-silicone.Ngokwemibono ye-Second Bureau yoMnyango Wezimboni zamakhemikhali, i-Shenyang Chemical Research Institute ibambe iqhaza ekuthuthukisweni kwenjoloba ye-silicone ku-Research Institute of Jilin chemical company.Ngenxa yokuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwerabha ye-silicone nakho kudinga indandatho ye-vinyl, ngakho-ke i-Shenyang Chemical Research Institute yokuhlanganiswa kwe-methylhydrodichlorosilane namanye ama-organosilicon monomers asekelayo.

Ukukhiqizwa kwebhetshi yokuqala yerabha ye-silicone e-Shanghai "ngamaqhinga ajikelezayo"

Ngo-1960, inkampani yepulasitiki ye-Shanghai Chemical Industry Bureau yabela isitshalo samakhemikhali i-Xincheng umsebenzi wokuthuthukisa irabha ye-silicon edingwa ngokushesha imboni yezempi.Ngenxa yokuthi lesi sitshalo sine-chloromethane, isibulala-zinambuzane esiwumkhiqizo we-organosilicon eluhlaza, sinemibandela yokuhlanganisa i-methyl chlorosilane, into eluhlaza yerabha ye-silicon.I-Xincheng chemical plant iyisitshalo esincane esisebenzisana nomphakathi nezizimele, esinochwepheshe ababili kuphela bonjiniyela, u-Zheng Shanzhong no-Xu Mingshan.Bahlonze izinkinga ezimbili ezibalulekile zobuchwepheshe kuphrojekthi yocwaningo lwerabha ye-silicone, eyodwa ukuhlanzwa kwe-dimethyldichlorosilane, enye iwucwaningo lwenqubo ye-polymerization kanye nokukhethwa kwe-catalyst.Ngaleso sikhathi, ama-organosilicon monomers kanye nabaphakathi babevinjelwe futhi bavinjwa eChina.Ngaleso sikhathi, okuqukethwe kwe-dimethyldichlorosilane ekuhlanganisweni kwe-methylchlorosilane monomer embhedeni onyakaziswayo kwakuphansi, futhi ubuchwepheshe obusebenzayo bokuphuza utshwala babungakaqaliswa okwamanje, ngakho-ke kwakungenakwenzeka ukuthola inombolo enkulu ye-dimethyldichlorosilane monomer eluhlaza njengeluhlaza. impahla yerabha abicah.Ngakho-ke, bangasebenzisa kuphela i-dimethyldichlorosilane ngobumsulwa obuphansi obungatholakala ngaleso sikhathi ukulungisa okuphuma ethoxyl nge-alcoalysis.Ibanga eliphakathi kwendawo yokubilisa ye-methyltriethoxysilane (151 ° C) kanye nephuzu elibilayo le-dimethyldiethoxysilane (111 ° C) ngemva kokudakwa likhulu ngokuqhathaniswa, futhi umehluko wamaphuzu abilayo ufinyelela ku-40 ° C, okulula ukuwehlukanisa, i-dimethyldiethoxysilane enobumsulwa obuphakeme ingatholakala.Ngemuva kwalokho, i-dimethyldiethoxysilane yafakwa nge-hydrolyzed ku-octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (methyld4).Ngemuva kokuhlukaniswa, ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu kwe-D4 kwakhiqizwa, okuxazulula inkinga yezinto ezingavuthiwe zenjoloba ye-silicone.Babiza indlela yokuthola i-D4 ngezindlela ezingaqondile ze-alcohol "amaqhinga ajikelezayo".

Esigabeni sokuqala socwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwenjoloba ye-silicone e-China, kwakungekho ukuqonda inqubo yokuhlanganiswa kwenjoloba ye-silicone emazweni asentshonalanga.Amanye amayunithi azamile ama-catalysts akudala okuvula indandatho njenge-sulfuric acid, i-ferric chloride, i-aluminium sulfate, njll. Bese, i-catalyst eyinsalela equkethwe kumakhulu ezinkulungwane zamangqamuzana ejeli ye-silica eluhlaza igezwa ngamanzi acwecwe ku-roller ephindwe kabili, ngakho-ke kuyinqubo engathandeki kakhulu ukusebenzisa le catalyst evulekile.

U-Zheng Shanzhong no-Xu Mingshan, ama-catalyst amabili esikhashana aqonda izakhiwo eziyingqayizivele, bacabanga ukuthi inobuhlakani kanye nemvelo ethuthukisiwe.Ayikwazi nje ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yerabha ye-silicone, kodwa futhi yenza kube lula kakhulu umsebenzi wangemva kokucubungula.Ngaleso sikhathi, amazwe angaphandle ayengakasetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izimboni.Banquma ukuhlanganisa i-tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide ne-tetrabutyl phosphonium hydroxide ngokwabo, base beyiqhathanisa.Babecabanga ukuthi okokuqala kwakwanelisa kakhulu, ngakho inqubo ye-polymerization yaqinisekiswa.Khona-ke, amakhulu amakhilogremu enjoloba ye-silicone esobala futhi ecacile akhiqizwa ngokusebenzisa imishini yokushayela eyakhiwe ngokwayo futhi eyenziwe.Ngo-June 1961, u-Yang Guangqi, umqondisi we-Second Bureau yoMnyango Wezimboni zamakhemikhali, weza embonini ezohlolwa futhi wajabula kakhulu ukubona imikhiqizo yerabha ye-silicone efanelekayo.Nakuba intengo yerabha ekhiqizwa yile ndlela iphakeme kakhulu, irabha ye-silicone engakhiqizwa ngobuningi inciphisa isidingo esiphuthumayo ngaleso sikhathi.

Imboni ye-resin yase-Shanghai, eholwa yi-Shanghai Chemical Industry Bureau, yaqala yamisa umbhede onyakazayo ongu-400mm e-China ukuze ikhiqize ama-monomers e-methyl chlorosilane.Kwakuyibhizinisi elingahlinzeka nge-methyl chlorosilane monomers ngamaqoqo ngaleso sikhathi.Ngemuva kwalokho, ukuze kusheshiswe ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-silicone e-Shanghai futhi kulungiswe amandla e-silicone, i-Shanghai Chemical Bureau yahlanganisa isitshalo samakhemikhali i-Xincheng ne-Shanghai resin plant, futhi yaqhubeka nokuhlola idivayisi yenqubo yokuhlanganisa eqhubekayo yokushisa okuphezulu kwe-silicone evulcanized. irabha.

I-Shanghai Chemical Industry Bureau isimise ishabhu elikhethekile lokukhiqizwa kwenjoloba kawoyela abicah kanye ne-silicone embonini ye-resin yaseShanghai.Imboni ye-resin yase-Shanghai ikhiqize ngempumelelo uwoyela wepompo wokusabalalisa i-vacuum ephezulu, irabha ye-silicone enezingxenye ezimbili zegumbi lokushisa, i-phenyl methyl asilicone uwoyela nokunye, okuvinjelwe amazwe angaphandle.Imboni ye-resin yase-Shanghai isiyimboni ebanzi engakhiqiza izinhlobo eziningi zemikhiqizo ye-silicone e-China.Nakuba ngo-1992, ngenxa yokulungiswa kwesakhiwo sezimboni e-Shanghai, ifektri ye-resin yase-Shanghai kwadingeka iyeke ukukhiqizwa kwe-methyl chlorosilane namanye ama-monomers, futhi esikhundleni salokho yathenga ama-monomers kanye nabaphakathi ukuze bakhiqize imikhiqizo engezansi.Kodwa-ke, imboni ye-resin yase-Shanghai inegalelo elingenakucimeka ekwakhiweni kwama-organosilicon monomers nezinto ze-organosilicon polymer e-China.